Annotated Bibliography : Smoking Marijuana during Pregnancy

Fried, P.A. (1995). Prenatal Exposure to Marihuana and Tobacco during Infancy, Early and  Middle Childhood: Effects and an Attempt at Synthesis. Archives of Toxicology, 17: 233-260.

In their study, researchers examine how women’s exposure to marijuana during  pregnancy can affect the child’s behavioral and cognitive development at different  childhood stages. The research shows that cigarettes and marijuana use by pregnant women can lead to negative consequences for infants and young children health,  growth, cognitive abilities, and social development.

Kelsall, D. (2017). Cannabis legalization fails to protect Canada’s youth. Canadian Medical  Association Journal, 189(21): E737-8.

The study shows that despite serious concerns about many health issues, certain complications and health risks associated with the use of marijuana, the government promises to legalize marijuana. Researchers have explained that marijuana legalization can make a powerful devastating effect on the youth’s health, physical and mental development.

Mark, K., Gryczynski, J., Alexnfeld, E., Schwartz, R.P., Terplan, M. (2017). Pregnant Women’s Current and Intended Cannabis Use in Relation to Their Views toward  Legalization and Knowledge of Potential Harm. Journal of Additional Medicine, 11(3): 211-216.

Researchers in their study examine and analyze data about pregnant women’s current  use of marijuana, investigate the women’s opinions and thoughts regarding marijuana legalization, and evaluate the women’s knowledge about marijuana potential negative influence on the pregnant women’s physical, emotional, and mental health, including the impact on their babies in the future.

Warner, T.D., Roussos-Ross, D., & Behnke, M. (2014). It’s not your mother’s marijuana: effects on maternal-fetal health and the developing child. Clinics in Perinatology, 41(4), 877-894.

The study focuses on the effects of marijuana on maternal-fetal health and the developing child’s health, including its long-term and short-term consequences. Researchers estimate the potential dangers on society in general as more and more  states continue to implement steps to legalize marijuana, which annually increase the epidemiology of marijuana use during pregnancy.

Willford, J.A., Chandler, L.S., Goldschmidt, L., & Day, N.L. (2010). Effects of prenatal  tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use exposure on processing speed, visual-motor coordination and interhemispheric transfer. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 32,(6), 580-588.

Researchers collect the data about the effects of prenatal marijuana exposure, including tobacco and alcohol use, and show that children with prenatal exposure to these substances later develop serious complication of cognitive functions, deficits in speed of processing, and deficits in motor control. The study shows that combination  of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use during pregnancy is even far more dangerous.

Wu, C.S., Jew, C.P., & Lu, H.C. (2011). Lasting impacts of prenatal cannabis exposure and  the role of endogenous cannabinoids in the developing brain. Future Neurology, 6(4),459-480.

The study shows that marijuana is the most commonly used substance among pregnant  women. Statistics shows that the more and more young women regularly consume this type of illicit substance during pregnancy and even do not completely realize the potential dangers and negative effect on their children’s brain development and cognitive functions in the future.                                                                 

The terms offer and acceptance. (2016, May 17). Retrieved from

[Accessed: March 28, 2024]

"The terms offer and acceptance." freeessays.club, 17 May 2016.

[Accessed: March 28, 2024]

freeessays.club (2016) The terms offer and acceptance [Online].
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[Accessed: March 28, 2024]

"The terms offer and acceptance." freeessays.club, 17 May 2016

[Accessed: March 28, 2024]

"The terms offer and acceptance." freeessays.club, 17 May 2016

[Accessed: March 28, 2024]

"The terms offer and acceptance." freeessays.club, 17 May 2016

[Accessed: March 28, 2024]

"The terms offer and acceptance." freeessays.club, 17 May 2016

[Accessed: March 28, 2024]
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