The knowledge of foreign
languages is extremely important nowadays and there are numerous researches,
which investigate how to make the process of learning as productive as
possible. Merrill Swain developed the “Output hypothesis”. The core
of the theory is in the interconnection of the act of producing language, which
included oral or written speech, with the process of second language learning.
On the whole, the output hypothesis concentrates on the second language
learning. Swain constituted 3 functions of the output. First the noticing or
triggering function. Its core is in the learner’s understanding of some
linguistic problems while trying to practice second language. The second
function of output is the hypothesis testing function and the third is metalinguistic
function. Another researcher Evangeline Marlos Varonis concentrated on the one
hand on the interactions of native speakers and non-native speakers and on the
other hand non-native speakers and non-native speakers.
Both approaches of Swain and Varonis revolve around peculiarities of second
languages learning. Furthermore both theoretical researches underpinned with
practical applying theoretical knowledge. However there are significant
differences. First of all Swain’s research concentrate more on the interaction
of non-native speakers. As the core of research Swain used interaction of
teacher and pupils on students. In the research of Varonis took part in the
equal degree both native speakers and non-native speakers. For Swain it was
important to define what has the strongest influence on the second language
mastering. The aim of the research of Varonis was to define what is the
difference in the conversations between non-native speakers on the one hand,
and native speakers with native speakers on the other hand. Swain wanted to
find interconnection in language skills of native and foreign language for
easing the learning of new language. Varonis considered native language as
means of finding social and cultural differences.
The terms offer and acceptance. (2016, May 17). Retrieved from
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"The terms offer and acceptance." freeessays.club, 17 May 2016
"The terms offer and acceptance." freeessays.club, 17 May 2016
"The terms offer and acceptance." freeessays.club, 17 May 2016
"The terms offer and acceptance." freeessays.club, 17 May 2016